Causes for assistance, presentation and position

Percentage

Specification

Uterine torsion

31.8%

94% counter clockwise

Feto-maternal disproportion

21.8%

Uterine inertia

31.2%

45% primary

Anterior presentation

79.8%

11.2% deviation of head

5.5% carpal flexion

3.7% elbow lock

Backward presentation

19.7%

6% hip flexion

1.7% hock flexion

Transverse presentation

0.5%

Upside down position

16.5%

Time since amnmiotic sac rupture

57.8% ≤ 1 hr

26.5% > 1 - 3 hr

15.7% > 3 hr