Trematodes

Mode of Oncogenesis

Cancer

Treatment for Trematode Infection

Clonorchis sinensis

Oncogenes Unknown/ Inflammation

Cholangiocarcinoma

Triclabendazole, praziquantel, bithionol, albendazole, levamisole, and mebendazole

Opisthorchis viverrini

Mechanical Injury of Epithelial Cells, Inflammation, and Toxic Excretory/ Secretory Molecules

Cholangiocarcinoma

Praziquantel and Tribendimidine

Schistosoma haematobium

Oncogenes Unknown/Inflammation

Bladder carcinoma

Praziquantel and Biltricide