Properties | Kaempferol | Myricetin | P-Hydroxycinnamic acid | Quercetin |
Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | BBB− | BBB+ | BBB− |
Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | HIA+ | HIA+ | HIA+ |
Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2− | Caco2− | Caco2+ | Caco2− |
P-glycoprotein Substrate | Substrate | Substrate | Substrate | Non-substrate |
CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | Non-substrate | Non-substrate | Non-substrate |
CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | Non-substrate | Non-substrate | Non-substrate |
CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Non-substrate | Non-substrate | Non-substrate | Non-substrate |
CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | Inhibitor |
CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | Non-inhibitor |
CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | Non-inhibitor |
CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | Non-inhibitor |
CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | Inhibitor |
CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity |
AMES Toxicity | Non AMES toxic | Non AMES toxic | Non AMES toxic | Non AMES toxic |
Carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | Non-carcinogens |
Biodegradation | Not ready biodegradable | Not ready biodegradable | Ready biodegradable | Not ready biodegradable |
Acute Oral Toxicity | II | II | III | II |
Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Non-required | Non-required | Non-required | Non-required |