Supply chain main operations

kg CO₂/dt (typical)

Generalized cost equation

GHG = kg/dt

Harvest and stack bales

25.0

$GHG=10.30R^{-0.665}{Y}^{-0.447}$

R = fraction removed (decimal)

Y = yield (dt/ha)

Preprocessing (size reduction, densification, on farm storage)

146

$GHG=146/Y$

Y is throughput of the pelletizer (dt/h)

Biomass transport from farm to the hub (grain truck)

5.78

$GHG=0.087L$

L is distance travelled (km)

Assuming 50 km radius of truck travel

Rail transport from hub to biorefinery

9.10

$GHG=0.046L$

L is in km

Assuming 200 km travel for typical