Feedstock | Yield, tonnes ha−1 | Sugar content, % w/w | Fermentation organism/conditions | Ethanol | Reference |
Sugarcane molasses | 62 - 74 (Sugarcane) [6] | 31% sucrose and 15% invert sugars | New Aule Alcohol yeast and New Aule Baker’s yeast; fermentation at room temperature, pH 4.3 for 72 h, inoculum 1% w/v | Alcohol yeast-74.8 g∙L−1, Yp/s 0.4 g∙g−1 and Baker’s yeast-102.9 g∙L−1, Yp/s 0.7 g∙g−1 from 300 g∙L−1 sugar concentration | [14] |
Sugarcane molasses | Saccharomyces species isolated from molasses; fermentation at 30˚C for 144 h, inoculum 0.5 g∙L−1 | 128.7 g∙L−1, Yp/s 0.6 g∙g−1 from 250 g∙L−1 sugar concentration | [15] | ||
Sugar beet molasses and thick juice | 54 - 111 [7] | Total sugars in Sugar beet molasses: 53.0% and in thick juice: 60.0% | Immobilized yeast; fermentation at 30˚C, pH 5.5, 144 h, inoculum 1 g∙L−1 | From molasses: Yp/s 0.5 g∙g−1, 96.8%, 83.2 g∙L−1 and from thick juice: Yp/s 0.4 g∙g−1, 90.6%, 132.4 g∙L−1 from 300 g∙L−1 sugar concentration | [16] |
Sugar beet raw, thin and thick juice and molasses | In raw juice:13.4% Thin juice:13.0% Thick juice: 58.3% Molasses: 50.1% | Commercial yeast strain; fermentation at 30˚C, 60 h, inoculum 3 g∙L−1 | From raw juice: 0.08 v/v Thin juice: 0.08 v/v Thick juice: 0.08 v/v Molasses: 0.07 v/v from an initial sugar concentration of 130 g∙kg−1 media | [17] | |
Sweet sorghum stalk juice | 50 - 62 [6] | Sucrose 12% - 22% | Immobilized S. cerevisiae in bioreactor 5L; fermentation at 37˚C, pH 5, 12 h, inoculums 108 cells∙mL−1 | 33 mg∙mL−1, yield 98.0% | [19] |
Sweet sorghum stalk juice | Immobilized S. cerevisiae in fluidized bed fermenter; fermentation at 32˚C, pH 4, 9 h, inoculum 108 cells∙mL−1 | Ethanol content 6.2% v/v; yield 91.6% | [20] | ||
Sweet sorghum juice | S. cerevisiae; fermentation at 30˚C, 48 h, inoculums 5*108 cells∙mL−1 | Ethanol 133.5 g∙L−1, 87.6% of the theoretical yield | [22] | ||
Sweet sorghum juice | S. cerevisiae strain BY4741; fermentation at 30˚C, pH 5.2, 48 h, inoculum 5*108 cells∙mL−1 | Ethanol 115.2 g∙L−1, 87.1% of the theoretical ethanol yield, Yp/s 0.4 g∙g−1 | [21] | ||
Sweet sorghum juice from three varieties: GK-coba; Mn-4508; SS-301 | GK-cba: 16.9%, Mn-4508: 17.4%, SS-301: 19.1% | Zymomonas mobilis and S. cerevisiae mixed culture (1:1); fermentation at 30˚C, 4 days, inoculum 5 mL of 48 h old liquid seed cultures | 45.2 mL∙L−1; 1075.4 L∙ha−1 46.9 mL∙L−1; 1318.2 L∙ha−1 50.2 mL∙L−1; 1232.6 L∙ha−1 | [23] |