Trace element pollution indices

Formulae

Reference

Degree of contamination

$\text{DC}={\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=1}^n{C}_f^i}$

(Edet & Offiong, 2002)

Enrichment factor

ER= ( Ci/ Cie )sample ( Ci/ Cie )background

(Zhang et al., 2007)

Ecological risk factor

E r i = T r i × C f i

Hakanson (1980)

Ecological risk index

RI i = ∑ i=1 n E r i

Hakanson (1980)

pollution load index

PLI= C f1 × C f2 ×⋯× C fn n

(Harikumar et al., 2009)

Geo-accumulation index

I geo = log 2 [ C i / ( 1.5 C ri ) ]

(Ji et al., 2012)