Vaccine

Mechanism

Efficacy

Dose

Storage

Country of Origin

Moderna (mRNA-1273)

mRNA Vaccine Encapsulated.

The mRNA encoding against the protein spike is protected in lipid nanoparticles (soap bubbles).

Once absorbed, cells express spike protein resulting in immune response (immunogenicity).

94% (original strain)

0.5 ml divided into two doses, each dose for 28 days.

−20˚C = 6 months

2˚C - 8˚C = 30 days

USA [1]

BioNTech/Pfizer (BNT162b2)

mRNA Vaccine Encapsulated.

The mRNA encoding the protein spike is protected in lipid nanoparticles (such as soap bubbles). Once absorbed,

cells express spike protein resulting in immune response (immunogenicity).

95% (original strain)

0.3 ml divided into two doses, each dose for 21 days.

−70˚C = 6 months

2˚C - 8˚C = 5 days

USA and Germany [33]

Oxford/ AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1/ AZD1222 [Covishield])

Virus Vector Vaccines.

The dsDNA encodes against the spike protein that is protected in the virus. Infected cells express the spike protein resulting in immune response (immunogenicity).

82% (original strain),

10% (South African variant B1351)

Two doses, intermittent each dose 12 weeks.

2˚C - 8˚C = 6 months

English + Swedish [34]

Johnson & Johnson (JNJ 78436735/ Ad26.COV2. S)

Virus Vector Vaccines

The dsDNA encoding against the spike protein is protected in the virus. Infected cells express the spike protein resulting in immune response (immunogenicity).

72% (USA strain),

57% (South African variant B1351)

One dose.

2˚C - 8˚C = 3 months

−20˚C = 2 years

USA

[48] [49]

Gamaleya (Sputnik V/ Gam-Covid-Vac)

Virus Vector Vaccines

The dsDNA encoding against the spike protein is protected in the virus. Infected cells express the spike protein resulting in immune response (immunogenicity).

91.6% (original strain)

0.5 ml in 2 doses, each dose for 21 days.

2˚C - 8˚C = 6 months,

−20˚C = 2 years

Russia [32]

Novavax (NVX-Cov2373)

Vaccine particles that resemble viruses

The nanoparticles are covered by a synthetic material called Spike protein. Have additional ingredients called adjuvants to increase immune reactions (immunogenicity).

96% (original strain),

86% (B117 UK variant), 55% (B1351 South African variant)

Two doses, break each amount 21 days.

2˚C - 8˚C = 6 months

−20˚C = 2 years

USA [46]

Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV)

Vaccine inactivated,

SARS-COV-2 is chemically inactive (with a chemical called beta-propiolactone), so it cannot replicate, but all the protein remains intact.

79% (original strain)

Two doses, break each amount 21 days.

2˚C - 8˚C

China [50]

Sinovac (CoronaVac)

Vaccine is inactivated, SARS-COV-2 is chemically inactive (with a chemical called beta-propiolactone), so it cannot replicate, but all the protein remains intact.

50% (original strain)

Two doses break each dose for 14 days.

2˚C - 8˚C

Indonesia [51]

Bharat Biotech (BBV152/ Covaxin)

The vaccine is inactivated,

SARS-COV-2 is chemically inactive (with a chemical called beta-propiolactone), so it cannot replicate, but all protein remains intact.

81% (original strain)

Two doses break each dose for

28 days.

2˚C - 8˚C

India [44]