Example

Budget vs actual

(? billion)

Delays and start-up problems

Incorrect capacity and revenue plans

Total value lost vs plan

(? billion)

Eurotunnel

§ 6-month delay

§ 18 months of unreliable service after opening

§ Overestimated market share gain in freight and passengers by 200%

~7.5

High-speed rail

Frankfurt-cologne

§ 1-year delay of construction

§ Legal and technical

§ issues

§ Unforeseen capped government funding

~1.5

Betuwe line NL

(cargo rail)

§ 1.5*-year delay of construction

§ Technology choices still not finalized

§ Annual revenue shortfall of ?0 million

~3.0

Kuala Lumpur

airport

§ Initial issues with connectivity to downtown area

§ Complaints about facility hygiene levels

§ Handles only ~60% of current capacity

§ Losing market share to Singapore

~1.5