Cigarette

(n = 34)

Hookah

(n = 11)

Mixed

(n = 4)

Others

(n = 2)

p value

Predicted FEV1

3.34 ± 0.06

3.40 ± 0.28

3.05 ± 0.17

3.70 ± 0.00

0.925

Actual FEV1

3.07 ± 0.49

3.23 ± 0.87

1.64 ± 0.07

3.26 ± 0.00

0.918

Functional defect of FEV1

0.91 ± 1.04

0.67 ± 0.31

1.41 ± 0.10

0.44 ± 0.00

0.832

Predicted FVC

4.24 ± 0.24

4.08 ± 0.22

3.66 ± 0.17

4.40 ± 0.00

0.854

Actual FVC

3.65 ±0.52

3.76 ± 0.81

2.53 ± 0.13

3.84 ± 0.00

0.833

Functional defect of FVC

0.70 ± 0.35

0.69 ± 0.26

1.14 ± 0.30

0.56 ± 0.00

0.854

Predicted FEV1/FVC

78.65 ± 4.12

82.82 ± 2.99

82.50 ± 0.58

96.00 ± 0.00

0.524

Actual FEV1/FVC

84.12 ± 8.70

83.45 ± 7.89

65.50 ± 6.35

74.00 ± 0.00

0.422

Functional defect of FEV1/FVC

0.07 ± 0.03

0.15 ± 0.00

0.17 ± 0.05

22 ± 0.00

0.325

Predicted PEFR

9.87 ± 0.47

9.89 ± 0.47

8.58 ± 0.49

10.12 ± 0.01

0.258

Actual PEFR

7.15 ± 2.38

8.65 ± 2.34

2.55 ± 0.06

8.20 ± 0.01

0.125

FFD of PEFR

3.12 ± 1.96

1.86 ± 2.38

6.02 ± 0.55

1.94 ± 0.01

0.152

Predicted TLC

5.34 ± 0.28

4.91 ± 0.78

4.78 ± 0.43

5.50 ± 0.00

0.825

Actual TLC

4.59 ± 0.62

4.83 ± 0.89

3.28 ± 0.03

4.80 ± 0.00

0.833

FFD of TLC

0.94 ± 0.54

0.82 ± 0.37

1.50 ± 0.46

0.70 ± 0.00

0.224

CO exhaled level

1.62 ± 0.85

1.55 ± 0.93

1.25 ± 0.50

1.00 ± 0.00

0.971

SpO2

96.76 ± 1.07

96.64 ± 0.81

95.25 ± 1.50

97.00 ± 0.00

0.932