| Study | Groups (n) | RT interventions | #weeks (#sessions) | Sets (repetitions) | Session duration | Rest interval | Supervision | Intensity control/ monitoring | |||||||
| Aragão-Santos et al. (2020) | EBFT: 13 TSBFT: 15 CON: 11 | EBFT: 1 - 18 sessions composed by 8 exercises (squat in the smith, seated row, leg press 45˚, upright bench press, hamstring curl bilateral, lat pulldown, standing calf raises, and stiff) at RPE of 7 - 9. 18 - 36 sessions composed by 8 exercises (squat, seated row, knee extension, bench press, hamstring curl unilateral, seated row, leg press calf raises, and abdominal sit up) at RPE of 7 - 9. TSBFT: 1 - 18 sessions composed by 8 exercises (deadlift with kettlebell, suspension strap row, sit and stand up, push with elastic, farmers walk [kettlebell], row with elastics, hip lift bilateral, and plank front [bench 40 cm]) at RPE of 7-9. 18-36 sessions composed by 8 exercises (deadlift with sandbag, suspension strap row, squat with kettlebell, push-ups in a bench of 60 cm, farmers walk [kettlebell], row with knee elevation, hip lift unilateral, and plank front [step 15 cm]) at RPE of 7-9. | 14 weeks (3x/week) | 2 sets (8 - 10 repetitions) | ~50 min (25 min for RT exercises) | Not clearly reported | Yes | RPE of 7 - 9 (scale was not clearly reported) | |||||||
| Bårdstu et al. (2020) | RT: 64 CON: 42 | RT: 5-7 exercises (rowing, chest press, squats, biceps curl, knee extension, shoulder press, and up-and-go) using elastic bands, body weight, and water canes. | 35 weeks (2x/week) | 2 - 4 sets (8 - 12 repetitions) | 30 - 45 min | Not clearly reported | Yes | Until fatigue (i.e., unable to complete more repetitions with proper technique) | |||||||
| Bezerra et al. (2018) | MJ: 11 MJ+SJ: 11 CON: 8 | MJ: cable chest press and seated row. MJ+SJ: cable chest press, seated row, elbow flexion, and elbow extension. Complementary program was performed by both MS and MJ+SJ groups: horizontal leg press and seated leg curl. | 8 weeks (3x/week) | MJ: 2 sets (12 RM) MJ+SJ: 1 set (12 RM) Complementary program: 1 set of 10, 5, and 6 repetitions | Not clearly reported | MJ or MJ+SJ: 1 min Complementary program: 2 min | Yes | Until momentary failure (in the final set) | |||||||
| Bunout et al. (2004) | SE: 31 SN: 28 NE: 16 NN: 33 | Exercise: Training consisted in a period of warming up and 3 levels of chair stands, 3 levels of modified squats (5 sets of 10 repetitions; levels included squats without therabands or with therabands to increase gravitational force), 3 levels of step ups in a stair (10 sets of 10 repetitions; levels included one step, two steps and two steps without using the hand rails) and 6 sets of 15 repetitions of arm pull-ups using rubber bands that are color coded to confer progressive resistance. | 1 year (2x/week) | 5 - 10 sets (10 - 15 repetitions) | 60 min | Not clearly reported | Yes | Until fatigue (not clearly defined) | |||||||
| Bunout et al. (2005) | RT: 111 CON: 130 | RT: moderate intensity resistance exercise training (functional weight bearing exercises, chair stands, modified squats, arm pull-ups using rubber bands, 15 min walking before and after resistance exercises). | 1 year (2x/week) | 5 - 10 sets (10 - 15 repetitions) | 60 min | Not clearly reported | Yes | Until fatigue (not clearly defined) | |||||||
| Campa et al. (2021) | ST: 11 TT: 11 CON: 11 | Suspension training (ST): squat, biceps curl, chest press, low row, rotational ward, squat with Y deltoid fly, and triceps pushdown. Traditional training (TT): squat, alternating lunge, alternating curl with elastic tube, push up, plank, row with elastic tube, and alternating lateral raise with elastic tub. | 12 weeks (3x/week) | 3 sets (12 repetitions) | ~60 min | 1 min | Yes | RPE of 13 (from 6 to 20 Borg scale) | |||||||
| Campa et al. (2018) | RT: 15 CON: 15 | RT: program initially included very low-load joint mobility exercises, then squat, rear deltoid row, biceps curl, chest press, low row, rotational ward, and stretching. | 12 weeks (2x/week) | 4 sets (12 repetitions) | 60 min | 1 min | Yes | Participants were free to modulate the exercise intensity by changing the body’s inclinations | |||||||
| Chupel et al. (2017) | RT: 16 CON: 17 | Chair-based elastic band RT group: warm-up (body mobilization and dynamic stretching), 8 - 10 elastic-band exercises using the yellow and red colors levels of elastic bands, and cool-down (specific exercises with easy stretching). | 28 weeks (2x/week for 8 weeks, 3x/week for 12 weeks, and 2x/week for 8 weeks) | Phase 1: 1 - 2 sets (10 - 12 repetitions) Phase 2: 2 - 3 sets (10 repetitions) | 45 min | 45 sec | Yes | RPE of 6 to 8 (from 0 to 10 OMNI scale) | |||||||
| de Vreede et al. (2005) | RT: 34 FT: 33 CON: 31 | RT: core resistance exercises included elbow flexors and extensors, shoulder abductors adductors and rotators, trunk flexors and extensors, hip flexors extensors abductors and adductors, knee flexors and extensors, and ankle dorsal and plantar flexors. FT: The program was divided into a practice phase (2 weeks), a variation phase (4 weeks), and a daily tasks phase (6 weeks). | 12 weeks (3x/week) | 3 sets (10 repetitions) | 60 min | ~2 min | Yes | RPE of 7 to 8 (from 0 to 10 OMNI scale | |||||||
| Gylling et al. (2020) | Heavy RT: 143 Moderate RT: 144 CON: 132 | A progressive whole-body training program with increasing load was performed in both training groups. Heavy RT was a linear periodized regime using fitness machines. Moderate RT performed with rubber bands and own body weight. | 1 year (3x/week) | Heavy RT: 3 sets (6 - 12 repetitions) Moderate RT: 3 sets (10 - 18 repetitions) | Not clearly reported | Not clearly reported | Yes | Heavy RT: ~70% - 85% of 1RM Moderate RT: ~50% - 60% of 1RM | |||||||
| Pereira et al. (2012) | RT: 28 CON: 28 | RT: high-speed power training composed by 10-minute warm-up (brisk walking and several joint mobilization exercises), followed by the leg extension and bench press training was initiated. In each session, they performed curl-ups (3 sets of 12 reps) and lumbar exercises (3 sets of 10 reps). Two power exercises were then performed: the counter movement jump and medicine ball throw (1.5 kg). | 12 weeks (3x/week) | RT: 3 sets (4 - 12 repetitions) | 60 min | 2 min (between sets) 3 min (between exercises) | Yes | 40% - 75% of 1RM | |||||||
| Rhodes et al. (2000) | RT: 22b CON: 22b | RT: a whole-body progressive resistance training was applied in a circuit fashion. The circuit included large muscle exercises—for example, chest press, leg press, biceps curl, triceps extension, quadriceps curl, hamstrings curl. The first 3 months were performed under fully supervision and for the remaining nine months, subjects exercised in recreation facilities close to their homes. homes. They continued with the same volume (three sets, eight repetitions) of weight lifted while the training stimulus exact weight was adjusted every two weeks. | 1 year (3x/week) | RT: 3 sets (8 repetitions) | 60 min | Not clearly reported | Yes (in the first 3 months) | 75% of 1RM | |||||||
| Richardson et al. (2019) | HVLL1: 10 HVLL2: 10 LVHL1: 10 LVHL2: 10 CON: 10 | HVLL1 and HVLL2: concentric phase was performed “as fast as possible” followed by a 3-sec eccentric phase. LVHL1 and LVHL2: concentric phase was performed over 2-sec with a 3-sec eccentric phase. | HVLL1 and LVHL1: 10 weeks (1x/week) HVLL2 and LVHL2: 10 weeks (2x/week) | HVLL1 and HVLL2: 3 sets (14 repetitions) LVHL1 and LVHL2: 3 sets (7 repetitions) | Not clearly reported | 1.5 min (between sets) 3 min (between exercises) | Yes | HVLL1 and HVLL2: 40% predicted 1RM LVHL1 and LVHL2: 80% predicted 1RM | |||||||
| Rogers et al. (2002) | RT: 16 CON: 6 | RT: Warm-up (range of motion) activities, followed by strength training exercises (chair-based exercises for the upper body [chest, back, biceps, and triceps] using elastic fabands/dumbbells and the lower body [knee extension, knee flexion, leg press, toe raises, heel raises, foot abduction, and side leg lifts] using elastic bands), and relaxation activities. | 4 weeks (3x/week) | 3 sets (8 - 15 repetitions) | 50 min | Not clearly reported | Yes (an exercise science student instructed the classes) | When subjects could easily complete 15 repetitions of an exercise, they were encouraged to increase load (rubber band or dumbbells) | |||||||
| Skelton et al. (1995) | RT: 20 CON: 20 | RT: Groups of four to six women performed progressive resistance training once a week and were also asked to complete two unsupervised home sessions per week following an exercise prescription. Each class began with a 10-minute warm-up and stretch of the main muscle groups being trained; correct posture was stressed. The 30 to 40-minute strengthening component of the class involved exercises for shoulder and hip abductors, adductors, flexors and extensors, elbow flexors and extensors, and knee flexors and extensors. There was a 10-minute warm-down component at the end of the class. | 12 weeks (3x/week) | 3 sets (4 - 8 repetitions with body weight, rice bags [1 - 1.5 kg], or elastic tubing) | 50 - 60 min | Not clearly reported | Partially (1 of the 3 weekly sessions) | Resistances were initially chosen so that the subject could almost complete 3 sets of 4 repetitions. As soon as a subject could complete 3 sets of 8 repetitions of an exercise, the resistance was increased, and the number of repetitions was reduced. | |||||||
| Thomas et al. (2008) | RT: 9a CON: 11a | RT: home-based resistance training program for the upper extremities (push-ups in the prone position, dips in the supine position, and shoulder stabilization in the prone position). | 8 weeks (3x/week) | First 4 weeks: 3 sets (10 repetitions) Remaining weeks: 3 sets (15 repetitions) | Not clearly reported | Not clearly reported | Not clearly reported | Not clearly reported. | |||||||
| Tieland et al. (2015) | RT: 62 CON: 65 | RT: whole body resistance-type exercise training program (leg press, leg extension, chest press, lat pull-down, pec-dec, and vertical row). | 24 weeks (2x/week) | 3 - 4 sets (started 10 - 15 repetitions, changed to 8 - 10 repetitions due to workload increase) | Not clearly reported. | 1 min (between sets) 2 min (between exercises) | Yes | Started at 50% and increased to 75% of 1RM | |||||||
| Tsuzuku et al. (2018) | RT: 42 CON: 44 | RT: squat, tabletop push-up, and sit-up, performing slowly eccentric and concentric phase (4 sec for each movement) using body weight as a load. | 12 weeks (median of 5x/week) | 2 sets (10 - 14 repetitions) | 15 min | Not clearly reported | Yes (clinic session only, but not at home) | Exercise load varies from person to person due to body mass-based resistance exercise. | |||||||
| Vezzoli et al. (2019) | RT: 20 CON: 15 | RT: chest press, horizontal leg-press, vertical row, and shoulder exercises with free weights (lateral raise) exercises. | 12 weeks (3x/week) | 3 sets (14 - 16 repetitions) | Not clearly reported. | 1 min | Yes | 60% of 1RM | |||||||
| Wanderley et al. (2015) | AT: 24 RT: 19 CON: 31 | RT: 10-min warm-up that included stretching, gymnastics, and low intensity exercises (walking, biking), nine resistance exercises (leg press, chest press, leg extension, seated row, seated leg curl, abdominal flexion, biceps curl, low-back extension, and triceps extension), and a 10-min cooldown. | 8 months (3x/week) | 1st month: 2 sets (12 - 15 repetitions) 2nd to 8th month: 2 sets (8 - 12 repetitions) | 50 min | 2 min | Yes | 1st month: 50% - 60% of 1RM; RPE of 4 to 6 (from 0 to 10 Borg scale)
2nd to 8th month: 80% of 1RM; RPE of 7 (from 0 to 10 Borg scale) | |||||||