PICO | Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
Population | · Studies with skeletally mature populations (16 years) with tibia shaft fractures treated with solid/hollow nails. | · Studies with skeletally immature population (<16 years). |
Intervention | · Tibia nailing with solid locked, intramedullary nails. | · Tibia nailing with solid unlocked intramedullary nails. · Tibia nailing with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) nails. |
Comparison | · Tibia nailing with hollow locked nails. | · Tibia nailing with hollow unlocked nails. |
Outcomes | · average duration of surgery (minutes). · rate of surgical site infection after treatment. · delayed union rates after fixation. · Non-union rates after surgery. | · Anterior knee pain rates after surgery. |