Conflict type

Village experienced

Causes

Mitigation

Farmers versus Pastoralists (Livestock grazing in farmlands and farmers farming in grazing areas)

Chaluma, Handaraku

Didewaride

Hewani

Hurara

Nduru

Ozi

Onkolde

Moa

· Inadequate grass leading to livestock grazing in farms leading to clashes between farmers and cattle keepers

· The killing of livestock by farmers and the destruction of food crops killing of livestock leading to ethnic conflicts

· Provide grass to livestock keepers

· Create awareness to communities to exist and train them in leadership and management

· Farmers to stop killing livestock

· Put aside land for farming

· Reduce the number of livestock

· Designate livestock grazing areas, routes, grazing areas and watering points

· Prayers

· fencing of farms and homesteads

· creation of parks and wildlife corridors

· Implementation of the land use plan

· Land ownership through title deeds issuance

· Limit the number of livestock

· Create national parks

Human-wildlife conflict

Chaluma, Handaraku, Golbanti, Bularahma

Didewaride

Nduru

Ozi

Onkolde

Moa

· Wildlife killing humans, livestock and destroying crops

· People moving at night being hurt

· Create awareness on farmers not to kill wildlife and how to co-exits

· Create barriers between farmers and cattle Land adjudication

· Fencing farms to prevent wildlife

· Provide more security to farmers

· Proper management of CCAs

· Increase KWS personnel to ensure adequate control measures

· Provision of water and sufficient grass

· Creating wildlife corridors

· Create an animal sanctuary

Land

Handaraku, Golbanti

Hewani

Nduru

· Degradation of forest

· Influx of outsiders

· Land grabbers at lower Tana

· Sensitize community on the benefit of co-existence

· Invaders to go back to their motherland

· Stop the creation of salt farm

· Get court orders to remove land grabbers

Ethnic conflicts

Golbanti, Bularahma

Didewaride

Hewani

Shirikisho

Competition for land, water and pasture

· Land adjudication and issuing of title deeds

· community elders to create peace

· Engaging the Government at national and county level

· Provision of adequate resources like bulking grass to use in dray areas and provision of hay