Group

Variables

Group (1)

ladies

With GDM

NO (40)

Group (2)

Ladies With pre gestational

DM, NO (20)

Group (3)

Ladies As normal control NO (20)

P value

1

2

3

Age (years) mean ± SD

27.8 ± 5.39

30.8 ± 6.62

26.63 ± 5.67

0.254^#

0.557^#

0.632^#

Gestational age (wk)

Mean ± SD

34.5 ± 2.96

30 ± 4

30.42 ± 4.18

0.340^#

0.276^#

0.541^#

Gravity mean ± SD

3.22 ± 1.77

4.05 ± 2.08

3.57 ± 1.67

0.462^#

0.441^#

0.140^#

Parity mean ± SD

1.47 ± 1.53

1.95 ± 1.9

2.21 ± 1.43

0.080^#

0.632^#

0.340^#

FH of DM (yes/No) %

(30/10) 7%

(13/7) 65%

(0/20) 0%

0.000^**

0.000^**

0.000^**

SBP (mmHg) mean ± SD

126.75 ± 17.3

122.5 ± 24.03

109.73 ± 15.49

0.001^**

0.05^*

0.487^#

DBP (mmHg) mean ± SD

78.13 ± 14.26

78 ± 11.965

70 ± 8.81

0.010^**

0.023^*

0.972^#

Pre preg BMI (kg/m²)

mean ± SD

31.01 ± 3.73

29.26 ± 4.18

23.05 ± 2.51

0.000^**

0.000^**

0.123^#

TG (mg/dl)mean ± SD

179.7 ± 78.73

188.4 ± 97.7

103.57 ± 25.28

0.000^**

0.001^**

0.734^#

T-Chol (mg/dl)

mean ± SD

191.8 ± 58.23

186.9 ± 37.48

86.84 ± 18.87

0.000^**

0.000^**

0.698^#

HDL-Chol (mg/dl)

mean ± SD

42.9 ± 10.62

44.6 ± 15.19

59.63 ± 15.79

0.104^#

0.318^#

0.657^#

LDL-Chol (mg/dl)

mean ± SD

122.79 ± 56.73

114.57 ± 31.32

26.03 ± 9.06

0.000^**

0.000^**

0.473^#

Total Ca (mg/dl)

mean ± SD

8.23 ± 1.71

8.07 ± 1.7

9.87 ± 0.627

0.000^**

0.000^**

0.740^#

Ionized Ca (mmol/l)

mean ± SD

0.9 ± 0.157

0.92 ± 0.105

1.19 ± 0 .086

0.000^**

0.000^**

0.572^#

FBS (mg/dl) mean ± SD

112.4 ± 14.63

120.65 ± 14.47

81.73 ± 6.14

0.000^**

0.000^**

0.046^*

1 hour glucose (mg/dl)

mean ± SD

204.45 ± 30.91

237.95 ± 32.95

158.57 ± 13.47

0.000^**

0.000^**

0.001^**

2 hour glucose (mg/dl)

mean ± SD

160.65 ± 20.11

177.95 ± 18.36

128.42 ± 13.88

0.000^**

0.000^**

0.002^*

HbA1C (%) mean ± SD

6.79 ± 0.53

9.15 ± 6.1

6.11 ± 0.26

0.000^**

0.038^*

0.101^#

Fasting insulin (µu/ml)

mean ± SD

45.35 ± 22.75

39.8 ± 29.43

10.58 ± 2.65

0.000^**

0.000^**

0.465^#

HOMA-IR mean ± SD

1.79 ± 0.75

1.81 ± 0.98

0.21 ± 0.051

0.000^**

0.000^**

0.774^#

HOMA-B mean ± SD

36.84 ± 24.91

24.73 ± 18.52

38.29 ± 68.03

0.929^#

0.411^#

0.042^*

QUICKI mean ± SD

2.66 ± 0.087

2.79 ± 0.167

2.9 ± 0.126

0.000^**

0.022^*

0.005^**

Vitamin D (ng/ml)

mean ± SD

8.85 ± 6.42

10.83 ± 5.45

30.92 ± 8.47

0.000^**

0.000^**

0.220^#

CRP mean ± SD

41.15 ± 37.03

48.10 ± 35.38

13.89 ± 20.78

0.001^**

0.001^**

0.484^#