Cameroon | 11% - 39.8% | Tongue examination, Post mortem, ELISA | [33] [43] [47] | 0.4% - 3% | Ab-ELISA | [48] |
Chad | 6.8% - 25.7% | Tongue examination, Post mortem, Serology | [33] [49] | ND | ND | ND |
Cote d’Ivoire | 2.5% - 3.6% | Tongue examination, Post mortem examination | [49] [50] [51] | ND | ND | ND |
D. R. Congo | 0.1% - 41.2% | Tongue examination, Post mortem, Serology | [44] | 3% | Autopsy | [52] |
Eritrea | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Ethiopia | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Gabon | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Gambia | 4.8% | Ag-ELISA | [53] | 1.74% |
| [54] |
Ghana | 11.7% - 18.8% | Post mortem | [35] [55] [56] [57] | Case Report |
| [58] |
Guinea | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Kenya | 5.6% - 37.6% | Lingual examination, Ag-ELISA | [59] - [66] | 2.4%, 6.6% | Serology, HP10 Ag-ELISA | [66] [67] |
Madagascar | 2.3% - 4.6% | Ag-ELISA, Post mortem examination | [68] [69] | 7% - 21% | ELISA (Western blot) | [70] |
Malawi | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Mali | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Mauritania | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Mozambique | 6% - 34.9% | Ag-ELISA, Post mortem examination, Tongue palpation | [33] [61] , [71] [72] | 8% - 71.9% | Ab-ELISA, Ag-ELISA, CT scan | [15] [45] |
Namibia | ND | ND | ND | 51.41% | CT scan | [73] |
Niger | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Nigeria | 2.4% - 46% | Ag-ELISA, Post mortem examination, Tongue palpation | [35] [49] [74] , [75] [76] [77] | 9.6% - 14.3% | IgG antibodies (ELISA) | [78] [79] |
Rwanda | 6.8% - 20% | Ag-ELISA, Post mortem examination | [43] [49] [80] | 12.1% - 21.8% | Ab. ELISA, CT scans, PCR | [81] |
Senegal | 0.2% - 26.7% | Lingual examination, Ag-ELISA | [33] [49] [53] [57] | 7.69% | Ab-ELISA | [82] [83] |
Somalia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Republic of South Africa | 11.9% - 64.4% | Ag-ELISA, Lingual and Post mortem examination | [59] [61] [84] , [85] [86] [87] | 30% - 51% | Ab-ELISA, CT scan | [88] |
Sudan | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Swaziland | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Tanzania | 4.5% - 33.3% |
| [45] [59] [89] - [95] | 2.8% - 76% | CT scans, Ab-ELISA, Ag-ELISA, EITB | [2] [30] , [96] [97] |
Togo | 17% | Meat inspection | [35] [98] | 2.4% | Ag-LISA | [98] |
Uganda | 8.6% - 39.5% | Serology, Antemortem and Postmortem Inspections | [61] [99] [100] , [101] [102] | 9% - 15% | Ab-ELISA, Ag-ELISA, EITB | [33] [103] |
Zambia | 20% - 56.6% | Post mortem inspection, Ante mortem inspection, ELISA | [59] [61] | 10% - 38.5% | Ag/Ab ELISA | [45] [104] |
Zimbabwe | 2.7% - 28.6% | ELISA, Post mortem inspection | [33] [61] [105] [106] | 11% - 12% | X-ray | [45] |