QX100 droplet digital PCR system | Bio-Rad | Nasal Swabs and isolated colonies | mecA and SA0140 protein gene | 48 h | 1) Expensive 2) Specific equipment for DNA extraction and sample processing is required. 3)Not IVD approved | [46] |
BDMaxStaphSR assay kit | Becton- Dickinson | Nasal Swabs | mecA /mecC, nuc and orfX sequence | 4 h | 1) Only Nasal swabs can be processed. 2) False negatives were reported. 3) US FDA approved 4) Used for diagnostic purpose | [47] [48] |
MRSA/SA ELITe MGB® | EliTech Molecular Diagnostics | Nasal Swabs and blood cultures | mecA/mecC, Species specific marker and 16s rRNA | 5 h | 1) Only nasal swabs can be processed. 2) IVD and US FDA approved | [35] |
BD GeneOhm MRSA Assay | BD Diagnostics | Nasal and non-nasal swabs only | orfX sequences | 2 h | 1) US FDA approved for direct detection in nasal swabs. 2) Katja Lucke et al. reported 84.3% sensitivity and 99.2% specificity. 4) False negative results due to sequence variations 5) IVD approved. | [49] [50] |
Duplex Light Cycler PCR Assay | Roche | Bacterial colonies | mecA and SA442 species specific marker | 26 h | Only for culture confirmation | [51] |
TEX Method | Uncultured Clinical Samples | mecA, 16S rRNA, and nuc | 5 h | 1) Rules-in or rules-out S. aureus and non-S. aureus species 2) Universal, simple and affordable sample processing protocol for PCR DNA target preparation. 3) Not commercially available yet. | [29] |