HR (Beat per min.)

Group A (n = 20)

Group B (n = 20)

p value

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Introperative

Before epidural insertion

87.8 ± 10.49

89 ± 14.65

0.767

After epidural insertion

88.7 ± 8.5

85.9 ± 13.06

0.436

After intubation

88.4 ± 7.94

87.8 ± 9.07

0.825

After skin incision

89.5 ± 10.82

85.6 ± 6.6

0.179

15 min

84.5 ± 14.86

80.2 ± 13.06

0.337

30 min

85.1 ± 13.21

77.6 ± 16.1

0.116

1 hr

82.6 ± 13.24

78.4 ± 12.18

0.303

After extubation

86.2 ± 10.85

86.3 ± 10.37

0.976

Postoperative

30 min

81.5 ± 11.58

80.5 ± 9.32

0.765

1 hr

85.5 ± 6.57

82 ± 8.61

0.156

2 hr

80.4 ± 7.1

81.3 ± 6.68

0.682

4 hr

82.5 ± 5.05

81 ± 6.62

0.425

6 hr

78 ± 7.08

78.7 ± 6.31

0.743

8 hr

78.8 ± 5.02

77.6 ± 4.5

0.431

12 hr

81.7 ± 7.14

80.4 ± 3.5

0.471

24 hr

78.5 ± 5.05

81.4 ± 5.75

0.098