| Factor | Process Parameter | Level | ||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
| A | Tool rotational speed (rpm) | 800 | 1000 | 1200 |
| B | Welding speed (mm/min) | 30 | 45 | 60 |
| C | Axial load (kN) | 9.5 | 11 | 12.5 |