Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) | · Simple installation · Reduces PM pollutant by 95% and Black Carbon (BC) emissions by an amount of 99% | · Allows a backpressure in the engine involving additional fuel consumption by an amount of 4% · Requires regeneration techniques to remove the captured particles | [39] |
Open-Loop Wet Scrubber | · Potential reduction of SOX by an amount of 98% · Potential reduction of PM by 60% · Allows the possibility to continue to use the cheaper bunker fuel instead of low sulphur fuel | · Subject to corrosion (seawater) · Requires regular maintenance · Requires additional electric power source · Increase fuel consumption · High cost | [40] [41] [42] [44] |
Closed-Loop Wet Scrubber | · Potential reduction of SOX by an amount of 98% and PM by 60% · Allows the possibility to continue to use the cheaper bunker fuel instead of low sulphur fuel | · Requires storage space to hold wastewater and hazardous chemical solutions · High consumption of fresh water · High cost | [40] [41] [42] [44] |