x
y
ε ( x , y )
0
ε ( 0 , 0 )
0.1a
0.1 a τ
ε ( 0.1 a , 0.1 a τ )
1
τ
ε ( 1 , τ )
a
a τ
ε ( a , a τ )
2a
2 a τ
ε ( 2 a , 2 a τ )
for a general point, x 0
y 0 = τ x 0
ε ( x 0 , τ x 0 )