Sample

Viral units (Log₁₀ TCID₅₀)** per sample

15 s

1 min

3 min

5 min

15 min

30 min

60 min

Cardboard—survivability*

4.44 (0.07)

4.77 (0.32)

4.15 (0.07)

4.65 (0.07)

4.44 (0.19)

4.02 (0.26)

4.02 (0.08)

Cardboard—transferability*

3.90 (0.47)

4.40 (0.19)

3.19 (0.14)

3.40 (0.19)

3.06 (0.09)

<2.01 (0.00)

<1.93 (0.14)