Ambalavanan et al., 2013

(Experimental)

In vivo tests

Will exposure to TiO₂ lead to lung inflammation and impairment of lung development?

C57BL/6mice, 4 day old pups

Intranasal instillation for distal pulmonary delivery, and exposed to TiO₂ Anatase 8 - 10 nm NP.

Single dose of TiO₂ nanoparticles caused cell inflammation. Multiple doses lead to increased inflammation and inhibit lung development.

Belade et al., 2012

Experimental

In vitro test method

Is there a difference in the cellular uptake of 3 different manufactured Nanoparticles (MNP) and TiO₂ in Human lung epithelial and fibroblast cells?

Human 16HBE bronchial epithelial cells and MRC5 fibroblasts

Transmission microscope was used to assess the cellular uptake of the 3 Manufactured Nanoparticles.

The 3 Nanoparticles was observed accumulated in the vesicles of cytosolic compartment and were absent from Mitochondria and nuclei. MNPs uptake in cells is a common phenomenon