Reference

Definition

Position

Bailey (1998: p. 227)

“Procedures by which learners themselves evaluate their language skills and knowledge”.

SA as a testing instrument

Rust et al. (2003)

The learners’ judgment of their work: it covers terms such as “self-appraisal” and “self-evaluation”.

Panadero (2011: p. 78)

“Self-assessment is a descriptive and evaluative act carried out by the student concerning his or her own work and academic abilities”.

Brown (2004)

A representation of formative assessment that involves learners in learning process by focusing on their performance.

SA as a learning material

Benson (2011)

“The qualitative assessment of the learning process and of its final product, realised on the basis of pre-established criteria”.

SA as a learning- teaching-testing tool

Harris and Brown (2013: p. 368)

“SA is the ability to assess one’s knowledge, learning and performance, a key element in becoming an autonomous learner”.

Panadero et al. (2016: p. 804)

“Wide variety of mechanisms and techniques through which students describe (i.e., assess) and possibly assign merit or worth to (i.e., evaluate) the qualities of their own learning processes and products”.