| STUDY | SAMPLE SIZE | MIDDLE AGE | POPOLATION |
| Gross R. et al. 1983 | 35 | 35 | MARATHON RUNNERS |
| Venn E.K.et al. 1983 | 60 |
| RANDOMLY CHOSEN PATIENTS |
| Cleveland R.H. et al. 1998 | 10 6 men - 4 women | 41 | LOW BACK PAIN PATIENTS |
| Hoikka V. et al. 1989 | 100 53 men - 47 women | 40 | CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN |
| BEATTLE P. et al. 1990 | 19 9 men - 10 women | 30 | CLINICAL SUBJECTS |
| SOUKKA A. et al. 1991 | 247 | 44 | LOW BAKC PAIN |
| RHODES D.W. et al. 1995 | 50 |
| LOW BACK PAIN |
| MINCER et al. 1997 | 54 10 men - 44 women |
| VOLUNTEERS |
| HAVRAN M. et al. 1998 | 1 men | 84 | CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN |
| HYMAN A. et al. 2006 | 8 men |
| LLD and SUBMALLEOLAR DEFORMITY |
| BRIAN A. et al. 2006 | 100 | 48 | LLD and SCOLIOSIS and LOW BACK PAIN |
| RANNISTO S. et al. 2015 | 114 88 men - 26 women |
| LLD and LOW BACK PAIN |
| JAN W. et al. 2010 | 369 160 men - 209 women | 10 | LLD and PELVIC OBLIQUITY and SCOLIOSIS |