Comparison

Barriers

Content saturation

Placement in curriculum

Student characteristics

Resources

CNA or Nurse Tech

Yes (n = 14)

3.50

3.08

2.64

2.71*

No (n = 41)

3.08

2.88

2.63

2.02

English as a second language

No (n = 47)

3.17

2.93

2.55

2.19

Yes (n = 7)

3.43

3.00

3.50*

2.43

Taken Medical-Surgical Nursing 3

Yes (n = 28)

3.32

2.93

2.57

2.31

No (n = 24)

3.00

2.92

2.75

2.00

Number of courses taken

1 course (n = 36)

3.29

2.89

2.60

2.25

2 or more courses (n = 17)

2.94

3.00

2.76

2.00

When took pharmacology

1 semester ago (n = 16)

3.06

2.81

2.69

1.94

2 semesters ago (n = 32)

3.16

2.84

2.61

2.19

3 semesters ago (n = 7)

3.57

3.67*

2.57

2.86*