| Author | Country | % |
| Picaud | Gabon, 1990 | 0.97 |
| Chibani | Tunisia, 1996 | 2.6 |
| Wasef | Netherlands, 2000 | 3.49 |
| Bais | Belgium, 2001 | 3.2 |
| Neuhaus | Germany, 2001 | 7.16 |
| Myles | EUA, 2003 | 13.6 |
| Aisien | Nigeria, 2004 | 7.5 |
| Shi wuwen | Canada, 2004 | 10.5 |
| Our study | DRC, 2017 | 6 |