n

M

SD

Secret and lies

578

3.08

1.48

I have lied in order to hide my losses or debts resulting from pachinko/pachislot

578

1.50

0.78

I have lied to my family, friends, co-workers, or other people to play pachinko/pachislot

579

1.58

0.81

Financial problems

572

2.79

1.65

I have put myself into financial difficulties by playing pachinko/pachislot and asked someone for financial support

579

1.32

0.67

I have borrowed money from someone in order to play pachinko/pachislot

579

1.31

0.68

Have you borrowed money from the following in order to play pachinko/pachislot or to repay debts from playing pachinko/pachislot? (1. Family or household budget, 2. Friend or acquaintance, 3. Bank, 4. Loan company, 5. Consumer finance company, 6. Loan shark, 7. Others, 8. Never borrowed before)

572

0.16

0.51

Study and work

579

2.22

0.68

By playing pachinko/pachislot, I almost lost or I have lost opportunities for education

579

1.13

0.41

By playing pachinko/pachislot, I have made mistakes at work or almost lost my job

579

1.09

0.35

Relationship with important people

579

2.46

1.03

Playing pachinko/pachislot almost broke or has broken the relationship with my family or boyfriend/girlfriend

579

1.16

0.48

I have had an argument with a person that I live with over how I spend money on pachinko/pachislot

579

1.31

0.64

Suicide

578

2.10

0.50

I was so emotionally distressed about my pachinko or pachislot problems that I have tried to kill myself

578

1.07

0.32

As a result of being emotionally distressed about my pachinko/pachislot problems, I have thought about ending my life

578

1.03

0.23

PPDS total score

558

38.09

10.79