No

Items

Service

References

Converted a real value (US $ ha?1∙yr−1)

1994

2007

2012

1

Gas Regulation

Carbon sequestration

This study

177

245

274

2

Climate regulation

Sparing forests

This study

1377

1905

2134

3

Disturbance Regulation

Shoreline protection/erosion control

In de Groot et al. [28]

1617

2238

2507

Tidal Marsh

Storm protection

4

Water Regulation

Buffer for irrigation water for agriculture

In de Groot et al. [28]

5155

7134

7990

5

Water Supply

Supply of groundwater in floodplain

In de Groot et al. [28]

214

296

332

6

Erosion control

Root system can fix sediments

7

Soil formation

Add C, N, and P to the soil

8

Nutrient cycling

Absorb and recycle large amounts of nutrients

9

Waste Treatment

Total (org + N + P)

10

Pollination

Pollination function of certain wetland species

11

Biological control

Pest control

12

Habitat/Refugia

Fish + shrimp

In de Groot et al. [28]

814

1127

1262

13

Food Production

Aquaculture

This study

3174

4393

4920

Soft drinks made from reed roots

14

Raw Materials

Biomass, pulp

This study

952

1317

1475

15

Genetic resources

Provide a habitat for species

In de Groot et al. [28]

1311

1815

2033

16

Recreation

Tourism

This study

6821

9440

10573

17

Culture

Aesthetic value

Pictures made from reeds

Total value US $ ha?1∙y−1

21,612

29,910

33,499

Annual value (billion $ yr−1) based on an area of 800 km2 of reed wetland

$1.73

$2.39

$2.68