MRI Sequences and

Clinical Features

I-HCA

H-HCA

-HCA

T1 weighted imaging

Isointense to mildly hypertense

Isointense to hyperintense

Isointense to hyperintense [22] [23]

T2 weighted imaging

Markedly T2 hyperintense

Atoll sign: incomplete T2 hyperintense rim

Isointense to mildly hyperintense

Poorly demarcated T2-hyperintense scar [23]

Post-contrast imaging

Arterial enhancement that persists on later phases

Variable arterial enhancement that does not persist on later phases

May mimic HCC with arterial enhancement with washout [22]

Poorly demarcated scar that enhances in the portal venous phase [23]

Prevalence rate

40% - 50% of cases

30% - 40% of cases

15% - 20% of cases

Risk for malignant transformation

11% [23]

No to low risk [23] [24]

Up to 46% [24]

Hemorrhage

16% - 30% [23] [25]

9% [23] [25]

14% [25]

Management considerations

Conservative management if <5 cm and stable

Conservative management if <5 cm and stable

Resection regardless of size