Number of experiments

9

10

11

12

Controller

On-off

PID

RBF-PID

e-RBF-PID

Heating process

Settling time [s]

N/A

716

334

365

Unsteady-state energy Eus [kWh]

7.89 × 10−3

8.67 × 10−3

6.37 × 10−3

6.26 × 10−3

Maintenance process

Length of steady-state period tss [s]

N/A

716

334

365

Steady-state energy Ess [kWh]

N/A

5.06 × 10−4

3.00 × 10−3

2.72 × 10−3

Steady-state energy intensity EIss [kW]

N/A

6.02 × 10−6

6.44 × 10−6

6.26 × 10−6

Absolute mean

static error [˚C]

N/A

0.26

0.15

0.24