Thermodynamic parameter | Adsorbent | Adsorbate | Value | Remark | Reference |
Gibbs free energy (∆G0) kJ∙mol−1∙K−1 | Bakers yeast | Nickel | −23.519 | Spontaneous | 10 |
Pleurotuseryngii | Malachite green | −10,388.3 | Spontaneous | 11 | |
Coconut copra meal | Cadmium | −7.4 | Spontaneous | 12 | |
Enthalpy change (∆H0) kJ∙mol−1 | Chemically modified rice husk | Malachite green | 63.76 | Endothermic | 13 |
Mansonia wood | Basic dye | 67.1 | Endothermic | 14 | |
Wheat shell | Basic dye | 33.4 | Endothermic | 15 | |
Hematite | Cadmium | −13.09 | Exothermic | 16 | |
Entropy change (∆S0) J∙mol−1 | Lateritic nickel Ore | Lead | 28.56 | chemisorption | 17 |
Bentonite | Copper | 0.108 | chemisorption | 18 | |
Modified oak sawdust | Copper | 240 | chemisorption | 19 |