| Genes/intergenic pacers | Primer Pair (5′-3′) | Amplicon length | Ta (˚C) | Source |
| atpF-atpH | ACTCGCACACACTCCCTTTCC GCTTTTATGGAAGCTTTAACAAT | 621 bp | 48˚C | Ki-Joong Kim; kimkj@KOREA.AC.KR) |
| rpoc1 | GGCAAAGAGGGAAGATTTCG CCATAAGCATATCTTGAGTTGG | 490 bp | 53˚C | http://www.kew.org/barcoding/protocols.html |
| rpoB | ATGCAACGTCAAGCAGTTCC CCGTATGTGAAAAGAAGTATA | 490 bp | 51˚C | http://www.kew.org/barcoding/protocols.html |
| matK | CGTACAGTACTTTTGTGTTTACGAG CCCAGTCCATCTGGAAATCTTGGTTC | 892 bp | 49.5˚C | Ki-Joong Kim; kimkj@KOREA.AC.KR) |
| psbK-psbI | TTAGCCTTTGTTTGGCAAG AGAGTTTGAGAGTAAGCAT | 576 bp | 60˚C | Ki-Joong Kim; kimkj@KOREA.AC.KR) |
| rbcL | GTAAAATCAAGTCCACCRCG ATGTCACCACAAACAGAGACTAAAGC | 596 bp | 50˚C | David Erickson; ERICKSOND@si.edu) |
| trnH-psbA | GTTATGCATGAACGTAATGCTC CGCGCATGGTGGATTCACAATCC | 812 bp | 50˚C | David Erickson; ERICKSOND@si.edu |