Model

FE (Fixed Effect)

RE (Random Effect)

Variable

lnpatent

lnpatentapply

lnpatent

lnpatentapply

ind

3.554***

(3.91)

4.120***

(4.03)

4.4805***

(3.91)

4.885***

(4.49)

ser

5.689***

(5.22)

6.181***

(5.63)

6.355***

(5.22)

6.758***

(5.84)

edu

210.008***

(13.64)

184.057***

(13.71)

195.913***

(13.64)

172.557***

(12.58)

open

−0.607**

(−3.99)

−0.709***

(−2.81)

−0.893***

(−3.99)

−0.948***

(−4.36)

fdi

−0.129**

(−1.41)

−0.041

(−0.75)

−0.087

(−1.41)

−0.008

(−0.13)

rd

0.742***

(5.21)

0.818***

(6.85)

0.566***

(5.21)

0.660***

(6.27)

_cons

1.143

(1.13)

0.471

(0.59)

1.030

(1.13)

0.383

(0.44)

R2

0.7832

0.7922

0.7804

0.7901

F

164.37

173.51