| CONFLICT OF INTEREST | Conflicts of interest not declared |
| DUPLICATE | Duplicate publication (editorial mistake) or duplicate submission (author mistake) |
| FABRICATED DATA | Subcategory of main category Mistakes/Inconsistent data for articles retracted for data fabrication |
| FALSIFIED INFORMATION | False affiliations, false contact details, falsified documents, credentials, others |
| FRAUDULENT PEER REVIEW | Circumvention or hacking of peer review process |
| NO DATA PROVIDED | No raw data for the study were available or made available by the authors No raw data found following the institutional investigation |
| NO IRB APPROVAL | Nonexistent IRB approval for the study Study not respecting the protocol approved by IRB |
| NO PATIENT CONSENT | Patient consent incomplete, not given, or withdrawn |
| PUBLICATION W/O APPROVAL | No publication approval from other authors (coauthor, senior author), institution, funder, or company |
| REPRODUCIBILITY | Reporting by the authors of the impossibility to replicate, totally or partially, the results presented in the article Reporting, by other authors, of the impossibility to replicate the research results from the article |
| RESEARCH MISCONDUCT | Research misconduct was reported by one of the institutions where the research was conducted, by one of the coauthors, or by a 3rd party |
| RESEARCH OUTSOURCING/TEMPLATED | Research performed partially/totally by a 3rd party Templates being used for research reporting |
| OTHER | Various other reasons which do not fit within an existing subcategory |