Secondary retraction reasons

N

Conflict of interest

31

Duplicate (submission by authors or editorial error)

286

Fabricated data

229

Falsified information

39

Fraudulent peer review

350

No data provided

293

No IRB approval

134

No patient consent

22

Publication without approval

97

Reproducibility

180

Research misconduct

47

Research outsourcing/templated

22

Other

14