Retraction Reason

All

1

2

3

4

% of 4844 papers

1

Mistakes/inconsistent data

1553

1247

274

31

1

32.06%

2

Images

1088

887

188

13

-

22.46%

3

Plagiarism

663

519

115

27

2

13.69%

4

Overlap

556

441

94

19

2

11.48%

5

Fraud

393

317

51

24

1

8.11%

6

Ethics

360

196

147

17

-

7.43%

7

Authorship

281

83

147

49

2

5.78%

8

Unclear

247

246

1

-

-

5.1%

9

Editor

181

176

5

-

-

3.73%

10

Property & Legal

121

84

29

7

1

2.5%

11

Other

63

55

7

1

-

1.30%

4251