| Author(s)/year of study | Topic of study | Key TQM practices for organization performance |
| | Total quality management as competitive advantage: a review and empirical study | Top management commitment, employee empowerment, open organization. |
| | The TQM Paradox: Relations among TQM practices, plant performance, and customer satisfaction | Process quality, HRM, strategic quality planning, information and analysis |
| | Exploding the myth: Do all quality management practices contribute to superior quality performance? | Customer focus, shared vision, workforce commitment. |