Author(s)/year of study	TQM practices
Talib & Rahman, 2012	Top management commitment, customer focus and satisfaction, training and education, human resource management, supplier management, process management, employee involvement, quality systems, quality information and performance measurement.
Zhang et al., 2000	Top management commitment, process improvement, product design, training and development, supplier relationship management, customer satisfaction, employee empowerment, employee involvement, information and analysis, quality citizenship.
Prajogo & Sohal, 2003	Leadership, strategic planning, customer focus, information and analysis, people management, process management, product quality, product innovation, process innovation.
Singh et al., 2018	Organizational leadership, customer satisfaction, human resource focus, strategic planning and development, supplier quality management, satisfaction results, business results.
Agus & Abdullah, 2000	Executive commitment, customer focus, supplier relations, quality training, employee focus, quality measurement
Quek & Yusof, 2003	Management leadership, continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, improvement tools and techniques, supplier quality management, employee participation, education and training, work environment.
Zakuan et al., 2010	Quality leadership, customer focus and satisfaction, quality information and analysis, human resource development, strategic planning management, supplier quality management, quality results, quality assurance.
Huq & Stolen, 1998	Mission statement, customer focus, management commitment, worker empowerment, communications, performance appraisal system, statistical evidence of quality, familiarity with TQM, measures of costs, causes of quality, continual improvement, problem solving approach, education and training, supplier development, quality improvement.
Kumar et al., 2011	Management commitment, customer satisfaction, continuous improvement, teamwork, employee’s empowerment, training, feedback, and effective communication.
Chin et al., 2002	Customer focus, leadership, design quality, speed and prevention, people participation and partnership, strategic quality planning, continuous improvement, fact-based management
Pino, 2008	Management commitment, customer focus, supplier management, employee training, employee empowerment, employee involvement, information and analysis, product and service design.
Hassan et al., 2012	Top management commitment, employee involvement, customer focus, fact-based management, incentive and recognition system process, monitoring and control, continuous improvement.
Prajogo, 2005	Leadership, strategic planning, customer focus, information and analysis, people management, process management, and product quality.
Talib et al., 2011	Top management commitment, customer focus and satisfaction, supplier management, training and education, human resource management, process management, quality systems, employee involvement, quality information and performance measurement.
Feng et al., 2006	Leadership, strategic planning, customer focus, information and analysis, people management, process management, product quality, product innovation.
Ahire et al., 1996	Top management commitment, customer focus, employee training, benchmarking, internal quality, employee empowerment, employee involvement, design quality, product quality, supplier management, information and analysis.