Item

Standardized loading

Government support (Cronbach’s α = 0.846, C.R. = 0.853, AVE = 0.593)

1) Implemented policies and programs that have been beneficial to your company’s operations.

0.718

2) Provided needed technology information and technical support to your company.

0.838

3) Played a significant role in providing financial support for your company.

0.813

4) Helped your company to obtain licenses for imports of technology, manufacturing and other equipment.

0.702

Universities and research institute’s knowledge integration (Cronbach’s α = 0.884, C.R. = 0.890, AVE = 0.621)

1) We are able to obtain a tremendous amount of our technological knowledge from universities/research institutes.

0.801

2) We rapidly respond to technological changes in our industry by applying what we know from universities/research institutes.

0.831

3) University/research institute’s technological knowledge has enriched the basic understanding of our innovation activities.

0.851

4) University/research institute’s technological knowledge has reduced the uncertainty of our innovation activities.

0.628

5) University/research institute’s technological knowledge helps us to identify new aspects of innovation activities that would otherwise go unnoticed.

0.809

Customer’s knowledge integration (Cronbach’s α = 0.833, C.R. = 0.847, AVE = 0.589)

1) We are able to obtain a tremendous amount of our product knowledge from customers.

0.885

2) We rapidly respond to technological changes in our industry by applying what we know from customers.

0.893

3) Customers’ technological knowledge has reduced the uncertainty of our innovation activities.

0.616

4) Customers’ technological knowledge has enriched the basic understanding of our innovation activities.

0.628

Process innovation (Cronbach’s α = 0.845, C.R. = 0.854, AVE = 0.560)

1) We are learning more about the newest processes than our competitors.

0.845

2) We are the first within the industry to deploy new processes.

0.817

3) We keep up with the latest process developments.

0.796

4) We frequently introduce processes that are radically different from existing processes in the industry.

0.613

Company performance (Cronbach’s α = 0.868, C.R. = 0.880, AVE = 0.652)

1) Market share

0.617

2) Sales growth rate

0.866

3) Market share growth

0.920

4) Return on investment (ROI)

0.794