Variables

Measure index

Max

Min

Mean

Std

Num

${\text{GDP}}_{it}$

Real GDP/billion

14,507.8

187.8

2034.08

2743.08

231

$K_{it}$

Capital stock/billion

23,961.9

234.48

2963.73

3758.64

231

$L_{it}$

Employment at the end of the year/ten thousand

906.14

94.01

272.8

185.23

231

${\text{RD}}_{it}$

Internal expenditure on R&D funds/billion

722.8

0.04

43.31

101.58

231

${\text{market}}_{it}$

Marketization Degree (The proportion of non-state-owned industrial output value to industrial output value)

0.965

0.288

0.806

0.154

231

${\text{Urb}}_{it}$

Urbanization Rate (Percentage of Urban Population to Permanent Resident Population)

1

0.324

0.608

0.202

231