Year level

TPK

(mean, S.D.)

TPCK

(mean, S.D.)

PCK

(mean, S.D.)

TK

(mean, S.D.)

PK

(mean, S.D.)

CK

(mean, S.D.)

TCK

(mean, S.D.)

1) Freshman

3.4 (0.7)

2.9 (0.9)

3.9 (0.5)

3.2 (0.6)

3.9 (0.8)

3.9 (0.6)

3.8 (0.6)

2) Sophomore

3.3 (0.7)

2.9 (1.0)

3.6 (0.9)

3.1 (0.7)

4.1 (0.5)

3.9 (0.5)

3.7 (0.7)

3) Junior

3.4 (0.5)

3.5 (0.7)

4.1 (0.4)

3.0 (0.8)

4.0 (0.6)

4.0 (0.4)

3.8 (0.4)

4) Senior

3.3 (0.7)

3.2 (0.8)

3.9 (0.5)

3.4 (0.8)

4.0 (0.6)

3.8 (0.7)

3.5 (0.6)

F (ANOVA)

1.075

3.105

4.182

0.277

0.052

0.284

0.174

Tukey test

(3) > (1)

(2) > (1)