| Modes of symbiosis | Organization forms of symbiosis | Characteristics of symbiotic energy | Symbiotic mechanism | Symbiotic types |
| Parasitic symbiosis | Any actual operation negligent of rules and regulations for the purpose of illegal collection of state funds. | 1. No new energy is generated; 2. There is energy transfer from one host to another parasite between cooperatives and joint-stock companies | Notional symbiotic association | A failure case of collaborative symbiosis between cooperatives and joint-stock companies |
| Commensalism | Cooperatives are established by leading enterprises to meet the needs of leading enterprises. | 1. New energy will be generated; 2. Only one party benefits: cooperatives are a link and workshop in the business chain of leading enterprises, and joint-stock companies seize all the new energy | Loose union embedded externally | Domestic model of “leading enterprise + cooperative” |
| A joint-stock company led by a cooperative to take advantage of capital of leading enterprises and market forces and to own a majority stake in the joint-stock company. | 1. New energy will be generated; 2. Only one party benefits: the cooperative owns the majority or even all the equity of joint-stock company, and all the interests belong to the members | Foreign mode of “joint-stock company + cooperative” | ||
| Mutualism | Organization and management factors of shareholding system are integrated into Cooperatives. | 1. New energy will be generated; 2. Both parties benefit from the broad-spectrum distribution of new energy, and the orientation of capital of joint-stock companies and the orientation of the interest of cooperative members are paid equal attention; 3. Wide-spectrum distribution is carried out according to asymmetric mechanism or symmetric mechanism. | A tight union embedded internally | Farmer share cooperatives |
| Association, mutual assistance and other factors of shareholding system are integrated into joint-stock companies. | Joint-stock enterprises |