Properties
Equation(s) for nanofluids
Equation(s) for hybrid nanofluids
Thermal Diffusivity
α n f = k n f ( ρ c p ) n f
α h n f = k h n f ( ρ c p ) h n f
Dynamic Viscosity
μ n f = μ f ( 1 − Φ ) 2.5
μ h n f = μ f ( 1 − Φ 1 ) 2.5 ( 1 − Φ 2 ) 2.5
Thermal conductivity
K n f = K f ( K s + 2 K f − 2 Φ ( K f − K s ) K s + 2 K f + Φ ( K f − K s ) )
K h n f = K b f ( K 2 + 2 K b f − 2 Φ ( K b f − K 2 ) K 2 + 2 K b f + Φ ( K b f − K 2 ) )
Where K b f = K f ( K 1 + 2 K f − 2 Φ ( K f − K 1 ) K 1 + 2 K f + Φ ( K f − K 1 ) )
Density
ρ n f = ( 1 − Φ ) ρ f + Φ ρ s
ρ h n f = [ ( 1 − Φ 2 ) ( 1 − Φ 1 + Φ 1 ρ 1 ρ f ) + Φ 2 ρ 2 ρ f ] ρ f
Heat capacity
( ρ C p ) n f = ( 1 − Φ ) ( ρ C p ) f + Φ ( ρ C p ) s
( ρ C p ) h n f = [ ( 1 − Φ 2 ) ( 1 − Φ 1 + Φ 1 ( ρ C p ) 1 ( ρ C p ) f ) + Φ 2 ( ρ C p ) 2 ( ρ C p ) f ] ( ρ C p ) f
Kinematic viscosity
Mass diffusivity
ν f = μ f ρ f
D h n f = ( 1 − Φ 1 ) 2.5 ( 1 − Φ 2 ) 2.5 D f