Variables method

Levin, Lin

and Chu test

Im, Pesaran

and Shin W test

ADF-Fisher

Chi-square test

PP-Fisher

Chi-square test

Average education years

−23.5314^***

−7.91282^***

230.885^***

361.503^***

Primary education years

−27.3347^***

−10.6955^***

326.654^***

469.155^***

Secondary education years

−19.5235^***

−10.6595^***

262.704^***

407.425^***

higher education years

−17.8556^***

−1.68428^**

137.624^**

181.182^***

life expectancy

−19.7695^***

−3.77813

221.722^***

295.691^***

physical capital

−6.51888^***

−2.00376^**

169.473^***

164.567^***

per capita GDP

−15.9994^***

−7.16284^***

299.482^***

378.520^***