Series

Level

First difference

Order of integration

PP

KPSS

PP

KPSS

logC

−2.144

0.093

−5.096*

0.157

I(1)

logGDP

−2.388

0.085

−4.273*

0.139

I(1)

logW

−0.321

0.506*

−6.013*

0.212

I(1)

logG

−2.934

0.099

−7.810*

0.161

I(1)

INF

−3.753*

0.504*

−9.046*

0.061

I(0)

r

−4.331*

0.055

−8.922*

0.074

I(0)