| Tobit | Urban families | Rural families | High-income families | Low-income families |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
eldinsurance | 0.109*** | 0.047 | 0.140*** | 0.086*** | 0.099* |
| (0.027) | (0.035) | (0.039) | (0.028) | (0.051) |
gender | −0.015 | 0.015 | −0.033 | −0.011 | −0.019 |
| (0.016) | (0.020) | (0.024) | (0.016) | (0.033) |
age | −0.003*** | −0.004*** | −0.001 | −0.002*** | −0.003** |
| (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) |
edu | 0.009*** | 0.011*** | 0.006** | 0.005*** | 0.013*** |
| (0.002) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.004) |
rural | −0.048** | −0.049** | 0.018 | −0.048** | −0.074 |
| (0.021) | (0.023) | (0.046) | (0.019) | (0.048) |
marriage | −0.012 | 0.007 | −0.000 | 0.011 | −0.030 |
| (0.025) | (0.031) | (0.038) | (0.028) | (0.045) |
population | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.007 | −0.004 | 0.020* |
| (0.005) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.005) | (0.011) |
health | 0.009 | 0.000 | 0.009 | −0.002 | 0.026** |
| (0.006) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.006) | (0.012) |
lnincome | −0.113*** | −0.185*** | −0.064 | −0.194 | 0.011 |
| (0.038) | (0.058) | (0.051) | (0.238) | (0.074) |
lnincome2 | 0.006*** | 0.010*** | 0.003 | 0.011 | −0.002 |