| Mother’s educational background (mean ± standard deviation) | F | |||
Junior high school and below (n = 177) | College (n = 29) | Bachelor’s degree or above (n = 11) | High school or vocational school (n = 139) | ||
Career Self-Concept | 20.42 ± 5.42 | 21.17 ± 3.83 | 21.27 ± 2.61 | 21.49 ± 3.43 | 1.484 |
Retention Benefits and Departure Risks | 12.65 ± 3.94 | 16.14 ± 3.13 | 16.91 ± 2.26 | 11.73 ± 3.27 | 17.317*** |
Social Comparison and Self-Reflection | 11.29 ± 2.46 | 11.31 ± 2.62 | 12.00 ± 2.97 | 10.68 ± 2.50 | 2.163 |
Autonomy in Career Choices | 6.78 ± 1.96 | 8.59 ± 1.32 | 10.00 ± 0.00 | 6.22 ± 1.58 | 27.589*** |
Social Persuasion | 7.42 ± 1.56 | 7.86 ± 1.43 | 7.00 ± 1.18 | 7.43 ± 1.80 | 0.910 |