Observable

Formula

Parameters needed

to be measured

Constant

needed

Orbital time

$\frac{l_p^2}{\overline{\lambda }}=\frac{4{\pi }^2{R}_2^3}{c^2{T}^2}$

R₂, T

c

gravitational acceleration

$\frac{l_p^2}{\overline{\lambda }}=\frac{2H{R}_1^2}{c^2{T}_b^2}$

H₁, R₁, T_b

c

Light bending

$\frac{l_p^2}{\overline{\lambda }}=\delta \frac{R}{4}$

δ, R

Gravitational redshift

$\frac{l_p^2}{\overline{\lambda }}=zR$

z, R