Hypothesis

Relationship

Path coefficient

SE

t-value

Sig-value

Hypothesis

Decision

H1

PP → PEM

0.84

0.18

19.805

***

Accepted

H3

ICA → PEM

0.72

0.39

4.608

***

Accepted

H3

UCC → PEM

0.74

0.21

12.273

***

Accepted

H4

SS → PEM

0.68

0.21

20.617

***

Accepted