Variables | LLC test Null: No unit root | IPS test Null: Contain unit root |
Xij | −2.7889 (0.0026) | −11.2366 (0.0000) |
GDPi | −2.3984 (0.0082) | −9.4527 (0.0000) |
GDPj | −2.1558 (0.0155) | −8.3380 (0.0000) |
OPENj | 3.6263 (0.9999) | −4.2549 (0.0000) |
POPj | −10.8957 (0.0000) | −10.4530 (0.0000) |