Variable Name

At level

At 1^st difference

ADF test

statistics

Lag length

5% critical value

P value

ADF

test statistics

Lag Length

5% critical value

P value

lnremit

0.415

0

−2.954

0.981

−4.593

0

−2.957

0.0009

lnemp

−0.986

2

−2.960

0.746

−5.781

1

−2.960

0.0000

lnerate

−2.207

0

−2.954

0.208

−4.128

0

−2.957

0.003

DIR

−2.469

1

−2.957

0.132

−4.353

2

−2.964

0.0018

lngoil

−1.051

0

−2.954

0.723

−5.481

0

−2.957

0.0001